ALL ABOUT PLANTS & HERBS

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[North Briton]

    This web site contains so much valuable, high quality information, that I hardly know where to fit in. Ncyabut in particular merits our praise and thanks for finding and sharing so much terrific info,and giving us the benifit of his considerable experience, I am sure that Herbs could be included under ergogenics, but I think a clean sheet is the easyest way to start. So I'm just going to dive straight in...

              PLEASE ASK AS MANY QUESTIONS AS YOU WISH, I WILL ANSWER AS BEST I CAN, IT HELPS THE FLOW OF USEFULL INFORMATION

I personally find reading a lot of stuff on screen to be tiresome. I would rather print off and read at leasure.
[Left click, highlight the words you want, Right click & copy, Open Word, right click & paste, then print]

    GARLIC (allium sativum)

    By far the most use full herb for the cocker to use is Garlic;
                     
                  Garlic is an important medicinal herb that is readily available everywhere,   It is one of the safest herbs, and as such can be taken often. 
  Long known to be a blood purifier, garlic has now been shown to have other, major, medical benefits.

G. contains phosphorus, potassium, calcium, protein and significant amounts of vitamins B & C which makes it an almost essential part of any diet. In addition, it contains Allacin which is a sulphur compound and has antibiotic and antifungal properties. Another component - diallyl suphide - has been used to inactivate carcinogens in animal studies and to suppress the growth of tumours.

G. has been used for many years to prevent health problems including colds, flu, menstrual pain, high blood pressure, coughs, gastrointestinal problems, atherosclerosis, and bronchitis.
G. has been proven to kill various fungal infections, viruses, bacteria, and intestinal parasites. Also labeled as an antioxidant, garlic may help prevent certain cancers such as colon cancer and can improve the effectiveness of the immune system.
G. is most popular for its effectiveness of cardiovascular wellness. Garlic is effective treating atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, respiratory infections, and triglyceride levels.
G. does indeed have scientifically-proven medicinal properties.  It contains a substance called Allicin, which has anti-bacterial properties that are equivalent to a weak penicillin. . 
G. appears to have anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties.  The list is long when it comes to its uses as a remedy.  This list includes wounds, ulcers, skin infections, flu, athlete's foot, some viruses, strep, worms, respiratory ailments, high blood pressure, blood thinning, cancer of the stomach, colic, colds, kidney problems, bladder problems, and ear aches, to name a few.  It is believed to cure worms in both people and animals - try giving the dog a clove of garlic daily

For most internal problems, eating garlic raw is probably the most potent way to take it.  However, due to the obvious lingering odors associated with this, a tincture can be made by soaking 1/4 pound of peeled and separated garlic cloves in 1/2 quart of brandy.  Seal tightly and shake every day.  Strain and bottle after two weeks of this, and take in drops - 25-30 a day, if desired. 

For cough, flu, and respiratory ailments, make a cough syrup out of garlic.  Slice 1 pound of fresh garlic and pour one quart of boiling water over it.  Let sit for 12 hours, then add sugar until you reach the consistency of a syrup.  Add honey for better taste, if desired.

For sore throat, make a garlic tea by steeping several cloves of garlic in half a cup of water overnight. Hold your nose and drink it.

Externally, garlic is a known anti-bacterial and anti-infection agent.  An interesting use for ear aches is to slice a garlic clove, heat briefly in a small amount of virgin olive oil, and let cool.  Then use a drop of two in the affected ear (strain the mixture beforehand, of course).

Make an Ointment out of garlic (use cloves instead of leaves, stems, or flowers as described in Ointments) for wounds, cuts, athlete's foot, or any other external skin irritation, fungus, or infection.  Also, try a few drops of Oil on a toothache for pain relief. 

I tend to believe the whole plant theory . This means that when a plant is picked, dried, freeze dried, smashed, extracted, deodorized , standardized, it will lose some or all of its healing benefits. I feel that fresh garlic gives the best healing benefits.

 

              From the above info we can see just how use full this plant is, for chickens I use this herb more than any other.

     My method is to strip a bulb of garlic into cloves and put them in the blender with a small amount of water and blend. Add water to make 1L. Pour this mash into a bottle and leave to soak for a day.. Keep this near to your water supply and as you water your birds,shake the brew and add about 1-200mls per 5L. Keep this before the birds at all times for at least a week, then half the dose for another week, and you can cure most ills.....( Or you can simply suff a piece of G. down a chickens throat.)

         I particularly use this[in water] for young birds at 6wks age to cure and prevent coccidiosis, repeat this every few weeks or as needed,  alternating with origanum vulgare is very effective.

        G. is very usefull to treat any bacterial condition esp. if you catch it at first symptoms.

   Regular use will kill and prevent worms, mites,lice, etc.  If it does not kill them instantly they will not thrive or breed and they will die out.
   G. has good general antimicrobial properties it kills pathigenic bacteria without harming the bodys own symbiotic flora such as lacto bacc.and others..

   Effective for CRD coryza or any resp. condition 

   In truth with regular use during the growing period I do not have any health problems.

            The first step towards having healthy livestock is to breed them healthy in the first place, Ncyabut tells us never to breed of any thing that is not 100%
 healthy, well I will go a step further than that and say do not breed off any bird that has ever been sick, even for a day. If you stick to that rule you will breed diease resistant stock..........   EXTREME HEALTH AND VIGOUR  ...........is the only acceptable standard.

                                                                                                 North Briton
         

[North Briton]

NUTRIENTS FOR CHICKENS AND GAME FOWL       Debbie Porter

The feed which chickens eat is made up of water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins. Each nutrient serves a special need. What we feed supplies the building material for the development of bone, flesh, feathers and eggs. When nutrients are properly formulated and balanced will produce fowl that produce in the manner they were designed, provide eggs for market, table or incubation, and develop a healthy meaty fowl. Each nutrient provides a solitary source, but is not complete, yet when gathered and combined provides the proper balance and energy that a fowl needs.

Water
One of the most important, yet often overlooked nutrients, is water. A young chick needs a constant supply of fresh water to stay healthy. It doesn't drink a lot of water at one time; therefore, it has to drink often. A fowl’s intake of daily water will depend upon availability and weather conditions. Desiring less in winter and more in hot summer months. Placement of water containers is essential, making easy access to old and young alike. Water also can be a source of bacteria, if not cleaned on a regular basis and therefore should be changed frequently depending upon weather, consumption and exposure. Stagnant or long term standing water can be a host and breeding ground for insects that carry disease to poultry.
Water carries waste products out of the body, helps cool the bird by evaporation, softens feed and carries it through the digestive tract. Water should always be available and fresh. During hot summer month’s water containers should be kept in cool shady areas and not allowed to become stagnant or develop algae build up. Which would allow for the ingestion of microbes or bacteria. Lack of free access to abundant water supply may also slow productivity down. Denial of water can lead to dehydration, molt, dry feathers without sheen, undue stress and the inability to properly digest food. Fowl consume their greatest amount of water following eating or right before roosting.

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates include starches, sugars and cellulose. Carbohydrates in the form of starches, or simple sugars are needed for body maintenance and energy. Carbohydrates cost less than fats and are easily digested, absorbed and transformed into fat.
Important sources of carbohydrates in poultry feeds are corn, wheat, oats, milo and various other cereal grains. Since energy is provided by the intake of carbohydrates, whether it is for warmth in winter by adding extra grains like corn to the diet to naturally produce body heat, or energy to maintain a balanced and vibrant flock. An over abundance of carbohydrates in the diet can produce added amounts of fat cells reducing health benefits and productivity. Reducing the ration of corn, yet providing other beneficial grains, and increasing the sources of protein to provide the energy that a fowl needs for egg production, general health and energy, and the viability of the egg can be beneficial.
Whole Grains such as wheat, oats, barley, and corn are vitamin sources of the B complexes, E, folic Acid and Biotin. With wheat having the highest source of biotin and vitamin E, along with B/1 known as Thiamin. You may see it listed on feed sources as Hydrochloride. Another good source for the complex B vitamins is ground meals and dried yeast. B vitamins are depleted during stress and are essential in the release of energy from absorbed or stored carbohydrates and fats. B vitamins aids in disease resistance, fertility and viability of the embryo.

Fats
Animal and vegetable fats, such as cottonseed meal or fishmeal, are the highest energy sources in feedstuffs. They also improve the physical consistency in feed mixtures. Supplemental fats may increase energy utilization in adult birds in association with a decreased rate of food intake. The substitution of fat for a portion of the dietary carbohydrates may enhance energy utilization by reducing the heat created by carbohydrates. Fats should be stabilized by an antioxidant; otherwise they are likely to become rancid, especially in hot weather or long storage periods. Small amounts of fat are desirable since they supply essential fatty acids, fatty acids are essential for rebuilding and producing new cells, and improve palatability. Essential fatty acids require Vitamin E for absorption. Some good sources of essential fatty acids for poultry are found in vegetable oils and fishmeal. The oil content in fishmeal will range from 2% to greater than 14%. So thus it should not be the sole source of fat content.

Proteins
Proteins are complex compounds made up of amino acids. Feed proteins are broken down into amino acids by digestion. They are then absorbed and transported by the blood to the cells, which assemble these amino acids into body proteins. Body proteins are used in the construction of body tissue. Tissues, which mainly consist of protein, are muscles, nerves, cartilage, skin, feathers and beak. The albumen (white) of the egg is also high in protein. The main sources of protein in poultry rations are animal proteins such as fishmeal, meat and bone meal, and plant proteins, such as soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and ground alfalfa and corn gluten meal. There is no one source of protein that will provide all the amino acids in one feed ration. But when the proteins from different feedstuffs are used, the ration can be formulated to contain all the necessary amino acids. Excellent sources of proteins for poultry are ground alfalfa meal, meat and bone meal and fishmeal. A balanced diet of proteins should be formulated for each stage of a fowl’s life and needs according to growth desired and productivity. Too low of protein count and you can see poor development in young and the health and overall vitality of the old effected with excessive weight loss. To high of a protein count from gathered resources and optimum growth can result in a short period of time with excessive weight gain for the skeletal structure to support, to cases of gout. A vitamin A deficiency can affect the ability of a fowl to utilize protein. Meat proteins also provide the enzymes that aid in digestion and metabolism of proteins. Fishmeal is an excellent source of protein for poultry since it contains adequate quantities of all the essential amino acids required by chickens, and is an especially good source of lysine and methionine. Good quality fishmeal is a brown powder, which will average between 60% and 70% protein. It cannot be used as a sole source of protein. Thus when added to feed rations should be done so as to not exceed the protein requirement of the fowl but only to insure a proper and balanced level, or provide what may not be readily available in the ration due to a poor protein source. The protein content of wheat is higher than corn. Protein content varies from 11 to 19%, depending on type of wheat. Wheat can be added at higher rates in summer months with a decrease in corn, for the reduction of heat and still supply the energy a fowl needs. Wheat does not contain caratenoids and will create a slightly lighter yolk color. Many Game Bird feeds gather several sources of protein, with animal proteins in a higher percentage compared to other feeds, for a well-balanced supply of all the essential amino acids. All feed should be formulated in such a way to provide balanced nutrition for appropriate age levels. With a higher count for the young and a decreased protein count as a fowl matures and has developed. Added supplements of animal protein sources to a balanced ration should be done at 2 to 4% levels due to the source and structure of the proteins. Grain proteins can be added at higher level. Yet should not exceed that of other sources of animal protein diluting the count to such an extent proper nutrition is affected. It is a combination of these proteins that fulfills the required diet.
In reading the tag on a bag of poultry feed you will see listed the percent of crude protein. This tells you only the percentage guaranteed for optimum performance for a particular need or stage of development according to age. It is beneficial to check the sources of protein that the feed is comprised of. Your main sources of proteins for each particular brand will be listed as the first of several ingredients.

Minerals
The mineral portion of the feed is inorganic matter. Minerals are absorbed through the small intestine. Minerals, especially calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, help build bones and make them strong and rigid. Laying hens also require minerals for eggshell formation. Other minerals are needed in trace amounts. Trace minerals are those minerals required at very low amounts for good growth and production. Potassium is essential in egg production and when depleted a drop may arise. Most feeds, in crumble, pellet or mash forms are formulate with a certain amount of trace minerals. Grains are low in minerals, so it is necessary to provide supplements. Calcium, phosphorus and salt are needed in the greatest amounts. Ground limestone and oyster shell are good calcium sources. Trace levels of iodine, iron, manganese and zinc are also included in mineral supplements. Bone meal, and ground limestone supply additional calcium and phosphorus. Phosphorus in meat and bone meal is almost completely absorbed by the bird. During stress related times and heavy production minerals such as calcium will be absorbed at a faster rate leaving the system depleted drawing its source form other areas such as bones resulting in brittleness, poor egg quality and lack of production. Calcium given freely in oyster shell form can be scattered or made available freely for a hen to consume, as her body desires to replace the loss during heavy production. Fishmeal is an excellent source of calcium and phosphorus for poultry. Fishmeal contains three major nutrients; protein, fat and minerals (ash). The ash (mineral) content of fishmeal is relatively high and is usually an indication of a higher calcium and phosphorus level. Another valuable source for minerals, protein and vitamins is Alfalfa. Many times it is offered in a feed ration as a ground meal form. Alfalfa meal contains Chlorine, Iron, Magnesium, Potassium, and Sodium. Many Game Bird Feed rations will offer alfalfa meal as a protein source, but it also provides trace mineral elements. Those fowl; that do not have access to free ranging or forging and are limited to soil for dusting and consuming minerals may need periodic mineral supplements or mineral grit.

Vitamins
All feed rations will provide small amounts, and are absolutely necessary for growth, reproduction and the maintenance of health. They occur in feedstuffs in varying quantities and in different combinations. Regardless of brand or form vitamin supplements may be required periodically for health and vitality. Many things can interfere with the efficiency of vitamins; stress and antibiotics can deplete the body of many vitamins. Microorganisms of the intestinal tract produce some vitamins. A side effect of medications is the depletion of naturally produced vitamins in the intestines especially after cocci treatments. Vitamin D can be produced by sunlight on the bird's skin. Caged fowl are more likely to need the aid of a D supplement. Other vitamins must be supplied in the ration. Vitamins are required for normal growth, feathering and leg development in the young and stamina, health, fertility and production in the old. A wide range of problems can arise and will depend on which vitamin or vitamins a fowl is inadequate in and how deficient the diet is. Many poultry diseases and illnesses can be often attributed to a vitamin deficient ration.
There are 2 groups that vitamins fall into, fat-soluble and water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body’s fat and used when needed Water-soluble vitamins are not stored by the body and are lost through fecal droppings or stress. Water-soluble vitamins will need to be kept balanced in a diet.
Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K
Water-soluble vitamins: C, Thiamin (B/1), Riboflavin (B/2), Pantothenic acid, Niacin, Pyridoxine, Choline, Biotin, Folic Acid, B/12 and B complexes.
Vitamin A is necessary for the health and proper functioning of the skin and lining of the digestive, reproductive and respiratory tracts. Vitamin D plays an important role in bone formation and the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. The B vitamins are involved in energy metabolism and in many other metabolic functions. On going studies are finding a relation between vitamin B and disease resistance. A vitamin premix is included in the commercial ration to provide additional supplements such as vitamin A, B/12, D/3, E, K, riboflavin, niacin, Pantothenic acid, and Choline. It was discovered that B/12 could be obtained by foraging through manure. Thus pecking at litter will maintain B/12 in a fowls system. Alfalfa meal added to feed provides K, A, C, B/3, D, and E. Housed flocks, or caged birds tend to have deficiencies at a higher rate than those that are allowed to run, scratch and forage. Access to soil minerals and fresh greens aid in replenishing vitamins and minerals lost to natural stress and stressful conditions. Some vitamins are not stable and their benefits can be lost in stored feed if not properly kept. If stored properly, to maintain the stability of vitamins, most feeds will remain stable for approximately 3 months.
On the other hand an excessive amounts of vitamins given in an improper balance can have serious health effects. There are specially formulated vitamin packs readily available in proper proportions, in the aid of a vitamin deficiency. Such additives that are aimed at providing vitamins are Cod liver oil, Wheat Germ oil, Brewers yeast or Dried Yeast, AD& E powders. These can be added to the diet during breeding, stress, or after medications, especially coccidiosis treatments or any illness that may have depleted the body of vitamins through stress of the illness or excrement. Many medications interfere with the absorption of vitamins.
Commercial poultry feeds contain numerous similar feed ingredients. There are, however, several different types of rations available. As an example: starter, grower, finisher and layer rations. These are designed to meet the specific needs of different type birds at different ages and developmental stages. All will provide ample nutrition if used in a proper fashion. Only the quality of each formulated ration will vary by the sources of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats.

Feeding and Formulating the Right Ration
Commercial poultry feeds contain numerous similar feed ingredients. There are, however, several different types of rations available. As an example: starter, grower, developer, finisher and layer and breeder rations. These are designed to meet the specific needs of different type birds. All are basic in their design with all formulations gathering their sources from either animal or vegetable proteins. With the greater concentration and best source of protein for the young and their developmental rate. Grower and developers are designed to bring a young fowl into the mature stage of egg production. Growers and developers are designed for the “adolescent” stage of fowl. They will be slightly reduced in protein count yet should contain good sources for continuing muscle and structure development. Layers or breeders need a proper nutrient balance to be able to produce eggs whether for the table or those to be incubated. A breeder ration will have a slightly higher protein count than a layer ration with added vitamins and minerals for viability of the embryo. Whether layer or breeder they may require less protein but added energy foods for production. Both are formulated with trace amounts of calcium but during heavy production may require a supplement of oyster shell.
Chicks should never be feed solid grain feeds due to the developmental stages of the gizzard in digesting solid grains. Mashes are formulated for easier digestion and consumption. Their proteins sources should be gathered from high quality animal proteins and not total reliance on vegetable proteins.
When introducing grains to a proper formulated ration it should be done at as a gradual process. Whether it is to supplement due to stress, weather, production or viability of the egg. When feeds sources such as grains are added to concentrated rations they dilute the protein count. Choice of grains is essential in maintaining protein yet providing the energy a flock may need for health and production. A good rule of thumb in formulating a ration for your flock is to gather all your protein sources and add the count, then divide the number of sources to get an approximation of the average. Foremost one should know the quality of the source and what it provides in establishing a healthy and productive flock. In formulating feeds all things should be considered form growth and development to egg production and breeding. Establishing a proper diet and feeding program will aid in the knowledge of areas that may require attention or supplements. Though fowl on a well-balanced and proper diet are less likely to have health related issues and require less supplementation. Remembering that each source of a nutrient you provide is energy for a fowl to perform and maintain its health.

[North Briton]

NUTRITION, HEALTH AND GAMENESS             by Mike Hancock

Anybody that's been in the game-fowl business for any length of time knows if a cock or stag is sick, most of the time they will not show fight or at best fight a little and then leave. You can't blame a sick cock for not fighting, that's your fault for fighting them when they are sick. As there are degrees of gameness in cocks, there are degrees of health in cocks. A cock can look and act like he is in top shape,and be a little wormy, have a slight fever, and when you fight him you only get about 60 % of what he should do.

Years ago in this part of the country there was a family of Red chickens that bred straight could really fight and cut in the gaff and knife (mostly gaff) and were game enough. (In the 50's) A lot of different cockers had some of these Red chickens and they were "pit" game (would not quit the day of the fight, might not fight the next day if they were sore and with fever) and they won a lot of derbies and a lot of brush fights.

After about 20 or so years only one cocker was still fighting them bred straight, everybody else that had this blood was putting all kinds of new blood into them trying to keep them in the pit long enough to win their fights. By the mid 80's Don Smith (blue bug) was the only cocker fighting this family straight, the rest had gone to some other breeds. These cocks were fighting better than I had ever seen them fight and cutting better also. Don and I fed about the same feed the last 15 or so years. My opinion is the feed made the difference, many agree with me.

One of the families of Sam Bigham Reds that I have had since I was a kid started with a cock and hen that was brother and sister and they was probably from a brother & sister mating themselves. By the mid 60's we had them fighting very good and about as inbred as you could get them. I have bred them brother and sister twice in the last 15 years to keep the size on them.

At one time in the late 60's and early 70's they were only peck game (they would quit hitting , but they would not quit pecking) 30 years later now they will hit as long as they can stand up. No new blood added, just better feed! And even more inbred! Cool, clean water is great for all animals, man, beast, and fowl.
All animals have to have a water source, someone forgot to tell the chickens it has to be clean, cool, and fresh. They want it to be wet, the water off the soaked oats or out of a horse or cow's track they think is just fine.

If you have a cock playing in his water, you better worm him and up the minerals in your feed, also add some copper sulfate (think small amount) to the water. ( totally saturated copper sulfate in water to the point it won't dissolve) add 3 drops of this per gallon to clean water. This will keep the moss out of your water. Add to your oat water and it will keep the sour smell out. (Thanks to my friend in Natchez, Miss.)

About 30 years ago we were at a cocker's house on a ranch. This guy fed only whole oats, he gave his cocks about 12 oz. whole oats every other day and a little hard grain every day, no pellets. He fed the oats in their water bowl in the corner and behind the bowl the oats would sprout and grow. He fed a little hard grain, wheat and milo, no pellets some of the healthiest stags and cocks I had seen to that point. A light come on, we have fed soaked oats ever since.
If we can help anyone with their nutrition and general care of your game fowl, contact us:

[North Briton]

   SPROUTING GRAINS

Sprouting grains has done more for the general health and well being of my chickens, than any other single thing. The nutritional benifits are huge. If you have to keep your birds in confinement, with limited acess to grass, then I cannot recomend this practice too highly. Just soak the grains for 24hrs (some lime in the water will help prevent mold), drain & hang in a sack 'till germinated (24hrs), and feed. The birds just love it.   Multivits(red cell), herb juice,liquid seaweed, or whatever you fancy can be put in the soaking water, just don't over do it,(a little is good, a lot is bad)

Sprouted grains       Nutritional information

Sprouts are rich in digestible energy, bioavailable vitamins, minerals, amino acids, proteins, beneficial enzymes and phytochemicals, as these are necessary for a germinating plant to grow.  These nutrients are essential for health. To clarify, the nutritional changes upon germination & sprouting have been summarized below. Chavan and Kadam (1989) concluded that - “The desirable nutritional changes that occur during sprouting are mainly due to the breakdown of complex compounds into a more simple form, transformation into essential constituents and breakdown of nutritionally undesirable constituents.”

“The metabolic activity of resting seeds increases as soon as they are hydrated during soaking. Complex biochemical changes occur during hydration and subsequent sprouting. The reserve chemical constituents, such as protein, starch and lipids, are broken down by enzymes into simple compounds that are used to make new compounds.”

“Sprouting grains causes increased activities of hydrolytic enzymes, improvements in the contents of total proteins, fat, certain essential amino acids, total sugars, B-group vitamins, and a decrease in dry matter, starch and anti-nutrients. The increased contents of protein, fat, fibre and total ash are only apparent and attributable to the disappearance of starch. However, improvements in amino acid composition, B-group vitamins, sugars, protein and starch digestibilities, and decrease in phytates and protease inhibitors are the metabolic effects of the sprouting process.”

Increases in Plant Enzyme content
According to the naturopath and herbalist Isabell Shipard (Shipard, 2005) -
“Sprouts are a tremendous source of (plant) digestive enzymes. Enzymes act as biological catalysts needed for the complete digestion of protein, carbohydrates & fats. The physiology of vitamins, minerals and trace elements is also dependent on enzyme activity.”

“Being eaten whilst extremely young, “alive” and rapidly developing, sprouts have been acclaimed as the “most enzyme-rich food on the planet”. Estimates suggest there can be up to 100 times more enzymes in sprouts than in fruit and vegetables, depending on the particular type of enzyme and the variety of seed being sprouted. The period of greatest enzyme activity in sprouts is generally between germination and 7 days of age.”

“Grains and legume seeds of all plants contain abundant enzymes. However, while grains and seeds are dry, enzymes are largely inactive, due to enzyme inhibitors, until given moisture to activate germination. It is these inhibitors that enable many seeds to last for years in soil without deteriorating, whilst waiting for moisture. Enzyme inhibitors in some grains and legume seeds (for example trypsin inhibitors in raw soybeans and certain other beans and peas) need to be inactivated by heating or other processes, before they can be safely fed. However, heating, cooking and grinding processes can also inactivate certain digestive enzymes within grains and seeds. Fortunately, during germination and sprouting of grains and seeds, many enzyme inhibitors are effectively neutralized, whilst at the same time the activity of beneficial plant digestive enzymes is greatly enhanced.”

Increases in Crude Protein content Morgan et al. (1992) found that -
“The protein content of sprouts increased from the time of germination, as shown below. The absorption of nitrates facilitates the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds from carbohydrate reserves, thus increasing crude protein levels.”

Crude protein contents of seed and 4, 6 and 8-day old barley grass mats   Crude protein (% DM)

The original seed is  10.1%protein,     a 4 day old sprout  is 10.8%protein,       a 6 day old sprout is 13.7%protein,      an 8 day old sprout is 14.9%protein.

Source: Morgan et al. (1992)

Increases in Protein Quality Chavan and Kadam (1989) stated - “Very complex qualitative changes are reported to occur during soaking and sprouting of seeds. The conversion of storage proteins of cereal grains into albumins and globulins during sprouting may improve the quality of cereal proteins. Many studies have shown an increase in the content of the amino acid Lysine with sprouting.”

“An increase in proteolytic activity during sprouting is desirable for nutritional improvement of cereals because it leads to hydrolysis of prolamins and the liberated amino acids such as glutamic and proline are converted to limiting amino acids such as lysine.”

Increases in Crude Fibre content Cuddeford (1989), based on data obtained by Peer and Leeson (1985), stated - “In sprouted barley, crude fibre, a major constituent of cell walls, increases both in percentage and real terms, with the synthesis of structural carbohydrates, such as cellulose and hemicellulose”.

 Chung et al. (1989) found that the fibre content increased from 3.75% in unsprouted barley seed to 6% in 5-day sprouts.”

Crude Protein and Crude Fibre changes in Barley Sprouted over a 7-day period                    Crude Protein, Crude Fibre as % of Dry Matter
 
Original seed is 12.7%p 5.4%f.        Day 1, 12.7%p 5.6%f.      Day 2, 13.0%p 5.9%f.      Day 3, 13.6%p 5.8%f.        Day 4, 13.4%p .4%f.
                                             
                                                Day 5, 13.9%p 9.7%f.      Day 6, 14.0%p 10.8%f.    Day 7, 15.5%p 14.1%f.                       

Source: Cuddeford (1989), based on data obtained by Peer and Leeson (1985).

Increases in Essential Fatty Acids
An increase in lipase activity has been reported in barley by MacLeod and White (1962), as cited by Chavan and Kadam (1989). Increased lipolytic activity during germination and sprouting causes hydrolysis of triacylglycerols to glycerol and constituent fatty acids.

Increases in Vitamin content According to Chavan and Kadam (1989), most reports agree that sprouting treatment of cereal grains generally improves their vitamin value, especially the B-group vitamins. Certain vitamins such as α-tocopherol (Vitamin-E) and β-carotene (Vitamin-A precursor) are produced during the growth process (Cuddeford, 1989).

According to Shipard (2005) - “Sprouts provide a good supply of Vitamins A, E & C plus B complex. Like enzymes, vitamins serve as bioactive catalysts to assist in the digestion and metabolism of feeds and the release of energy. They are also essential for the healing and repair of cells. However, vitamins are very perishable, and in general, the fresher the feeds eaten, the higher the vitamin content. The vitamin content of some seeds can increase by up to 20 times their original value within several days of sprouting.

 Mung Bean sprouts have B vitamin increases, compared to the dry seeds, of - B1 up 285%, B2 up 515%, B3 up 256%. Even soaking seeds overnight in water yields greatly increased amounts of B vitamins, as well as Vitamin C.

Compared with mature plants, sprouts can yield vitamin contents 30 times higher.”

Chelation of Minerals Shipard (2005) claims that - “When seeds are sprouted, minerals chelate or merge with protein, in a way that increases their function.”

GET SPROUTING

                                                                                         North Briton

[North Briton]

STINGING NETTLE

Nettles must be the second most useful herb for the cocker to use as the following notes will show
General Uses
Stinging nettle has been used for hundreds of years to treat rheumatism (disorders of the muscles and joints), eczema, arthritis, gout, and anemia. Today, many people use it to treat urinary problems during the early stages of an enlarged prostate (called benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH), for urinary tract infections, for kidney stones, for hay fever (allergic rhinitis), or in compresses or creams for treating joint pain, sprains and strains, tendonitis, and insect bites. In fact, some small but well designed studies are beginning to confirm that certain traditional uses have scientific validity, particularly osteoarthritis especially when used in conjunction with anti-inflammatory medications (see Possible Interactions), and BPH. Plus, recent laboratory studies are offering plausible explanations for why stinging nettles might help rheumatoid arthritis as well as several of the conditions already mentioned.
Pharmacology:

The major constituents of the leaves include organic acids (e.g., carbonic, formic, citric), amines, and flavonoid compounds. The stinging source of nettle is in the leaf and stemandular hairs, which contain acetylcholine, serotonin, formic acid, and histamine. The roots containsitosterol and other sterols, lectins, polysaccharides, hydroxycoumarins and lignans. In addition, the plant is rich in amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients.

Many of the benefits are due to the plant's very high levels of minerals, especially, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, phosphorous, manganese, silica, iodine, silicon, sodium, and sulfur. They also provide chlorophyll and tannin, and they're a good source of vitamin C, beta-carotene, and B complex vitamins. Nettles also have high levels of easily absorbable amino acids. They're ten percent protein, more than any other vegetable.

Cooking, crushing or chopping disables the stinging hairs. Stinging nettle leaves are high in nutrients, and the leaves can be mixed with other ingredients to create a soup rich in calcium and iron.[8] Nettle soup is a good source of nutrients for people who lack meat or fruit in their diets.[9] The young leaves are edible and make a very good pot-herb. The leaves are also dried and may then be used to make a tisane, as can also be done with the nettle's flowers.

The Nettle is also of great use to the keeper of poultry. Dried and powdered finely and put into the food, it increases egg-production and is healthy and fattening. The seeds are also said to fatten fowls. Turkeys, as well as ordinary poultry, thrive on Nettles chopped small and mixed with their food, and pigs do well on boiled Nettles.
Because it contains 3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran, certain extracts of the nettle are used by bodybuilders in an effort to increase free testosterone by occupying sex-hormone binding globulinFresh nettle is used in folk remedies to stop all types of bleeding, due to its high Vitamin K content.
Eating nettles or drinking the tea makes feathers brighter, thicker and shinier, and makes skin clearer and healthier—good for eczema and other skin conditions.
nettles are also good for wounds, cuts, stings, and burns. The infusion was also used internally to stop excessive menstruation, bleeding from hemorrhages,

Nettle boosts testosterone levels that are key to vitality

Nettles are a potent herb with a long history of use. This herb is one of natures best nutraceuticals, containing protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, beta-carotene, along with vitamins A,C, D, and B complex, all in a form that is easy for the body to use. The stinging comes from the presence on the bristles of histamine that delivers a stinging burn when the hairs on the leaves and stems are touched.

The plant is very high in Chlorophyll, stored energy of the sun. Promotes healing. Enhances effect of vitamins and minerals

My method is to collect a pan full of nettle tops and leaves,( using gloves), then pour boiling water over them.
When cool, squeeze out the herb and chop it finely, then mix into  feed.
Use the green water to soak grains in or add it to the drinking water

                                                                                                 North Briton

[North Briton]

IMMUNITY AND THE GAMECOCK

By John W. Purdy


 A healthy gamecock is a wonderful sight: brilliant feathers, bright eyes, red head, always moving and talking, challenging the world to a fight. The only way a gamecock can reach his genetic potential is through good management, including preventing and controlling disease.

 The ability of the immune system to defend the body against disease organisms depends on several factors, many of which can be controlled by correct management of the flock. The following article outlines the basic components of the avian immune system, their role in preventing disease, and techniques that are available to prevent disease and enhance the immune response.

 The avian immune system is actually composed of two different and complex immune mechanisms that work together to keep birds healthy and resistant to disease. The innate or non-specific arm of the immune system is the first line of defense. Examples of this system include genetic resistance, body temperature, and the presence of normal or beneficial bacteria which physically and chemically prevent the growth of harmful bacteria. Other examples of innate immunity are the body's physical barriers to invasion such as the skin, the mucous membranes that line the respiratory and digestive tracts, and the respiratory cilia (fine hair-like structures), which trap and "sweep" dust, bacteria and other debris out of the trachea (wind pipe). Another component of innate immunity is the "complement" system (proteins and enzymes which circulate in the blood and attach to invaders and kill them). The last component of innate immunity are large scavenging cells called macrophages. These important cells travel throughout the body, engulfing and destroying foreign bacteria, virus particles, fungi, and other debris, and aid in the further development of the immune response, as explained in the next paragraph.

 The second arm of the avian immune system is called acquired or specific immunity. This system is activated when the first line of defense (innate system) is overcome by disease challenge. B-lymphocytes or "B-cells" are a type of white blood cell and are activated when the macrophage engulfs the invading disease organism. The B-cell communicates with the surface of the macrophage, and if a foreign invader is detected, the B-cells first begin to reproduce themselves and then begin producing specific antibodies, otherwise known as immunoglobulins. Antibody production begins after 4 to 5 days, and peaks at 3-4 weeks. Antibodies circulate in the blood, and many perform their role by attaching to the surface of disease organisms, preventing the harmful bacteria or virus from attaching to the target cells in the chicken. Other antibodies enhance the efficiency of the complement and macrophage activity against disease organisms. Once exposed to a specific disease organism, the B-cells display a "memory" of that organism, and can respond to future challenges much more rapidly. The B-lymphocyte/antibody immune response is responsible for the protection afforded by vaccinations, in which a weakened or killed bacteria or virus is introduced into the body, allowing the "memory" capabilities of the B-cells to be activated and readied to produce antibodies if the B-cells detect the disease challenge in the future.

 The B-lymphocyte/antibody immune response primarily prevents the disease organism from entering and damaging the target cells of the chicken. However, if the immune response was not able to prevent this from occurring, the next response by the acquired immune system is the production of T-lymphocytes. Depending on the specific type of T-cell, these cells can attack the organism directly, enhance the function of other cells involved in immune function (e.g., B-cells and macrophages), and kill infected cells when required.

 When a chicken is exposed to a disease organism and produces antibodies itself, this is called "active immunity". When a chick is hatched, the hen provides antibodies through the egg. Mammals secrete antibody-rich colostrum through the milk to their newborns. Obtaining pre-made antibodies is termed "passive immunity". New feed additives are available which furnish egg-derived antibodies to livestock and poultry, and have been demonstrated to provide protection against many disease organisms [an example of this technology is the product Pro-Immune]. In fact, hens are such efficient antibody factories that egg-derived antibodies are becoming the mainstay for research and innovative immune therapy in humans. Certain vaccination programs for poultry are timed so that they are administered after the maternal antibodies have diminished somewhat, so that the chick's B-cell's are stimulated into producing antibodies and active immunity to the pathogen. If the vaccination is administered after the maternal antibodies have severely diminished, a reaction to the vaccination is possible.

 Prevention of disease requires effective management of the flock. As gamefowl breeders, our challenges are similar, yet different and can be significantly more difficult than the large-scale commercial poultry operations. Many of the standard recommendations for commercial flocks just don't apply very well to the real life situation of the typical gamefowl breeder.

 The most effective method to prevent the occurrence of disease is biosecurity: preventing contact with potential disease sources or vectors (fowl, other wild and domesticated birds, animals, people, contaminated feed, and equipment). How feasible is this to the typical gamefowl breeder? Nearly impossible! However, there are some practical tips you can implement that will reduce your chances of exposing your fowl to unnecessary disease challenge, and reducing the impact of disease should it occur.

 1. Keep your young fowl separate from the adults if possible. Fowl running loose in the tie-cord area or drinking from the same water containers as the broodfowl can spread disease from one sick bird to all the rest. If young fowl are exposed to a significant disease challenge before sufficient antibodies are produced, disease may result. Many older birds may be carriers of disease, even though they do not show symptoms.

 2. Before you buy fowl, determine what procedures (medications, feed additives, vaccinations, management techniques) the breeder employs to keep his fowl healthy. Find out what disease problems he has had in the past and what he did to control or eradicate them. If he uses many medications and has trouble with disease in his flock, reconsider the purchase. You are buying his fowl and his disease problem. If at all possible, examine the fowl in detail before you buy them! Slow down and truly observe the fowl - not just the flashy battlecocks, but the broodfowl and young chicks. Are they vigorous and alert, with clear eyes, brightly colored plumage and bright red heads? When they crow, are their voices clear and loud? Are young fowl and hens running all over the tie-cord area? Are the broodpens and brooders clean and well-maintained?

 3. When you bring your new fowl home, keep them separate from your original birds for at least two weeks if possible. Feed, water, and handle your fowl first and the new fowl last, to prevent carrying a new disease to your fowl. Worm and de-louse them, and watch them carefully. Sometimes the stress of moving fowl to a new place and changing the feed will cause disease symptoms to appear.

 4. Select your broodfowl from the strongest, most vigorous fowl you have to choose from. Breeding from an unhealthy individual of a valuable bloodline just doesn't work well; it's better to lose the bloodline than take the chance of breeding genetic susceptibility to disease into your flock.

 5. Explain to visitors your policy of limiting traffic on your yard to only what is necessary. If you sell chickens, consider asking your visitors to use disposable plastic booties and to wash up before they enter your yard. Disease can be easily tracked from one yard to another on boots and clothes. If you know someone who has a disease problem with his chickens, don't let him wander around and handle your birds. This is very important because visitor traffic from infected flocks to "clean" flocks is probably the way most diseases are spread.

 6. Eradicate rodents! Mice and rats can carry disease, including Cholera. Rodent droppings in the feed can pass these germs on to your chickens. Keep mice and rat poison available where fowl can't reach, and make sure it's available at all times. Use clean feed from reputable, well-managed feed mills. If you see piles of wasted feed, evidence of rodent infestation and other unsanitary practices, start looking for another source of feed.

 7. I recommend feeding twice a day for several reasons, but one reason is that if you feed only once per day, often your fowl will leave a little feed for later in the day or the next morning, if you feed in the evening. The left-over feed will attract wild birds and mice, which may carry disease. For large operations this may not be possible, but for the majority of breeders, twice a day feeding pays off.

 8. If you have the space, move your fowl on fresh ground frequently. A model gamefowl facility would have a duplicate yard area for tie cords, range for young fowl, and portable brood pens. Periodically, the entire operation should be moved to fresh ground, allowing the ground to rest and reducing the exposure of the fowl to the buildup of droppings. Some partnerships involve individuals with different farms that specialize in the different aspects of producing gamefowl for battle: breeding, raising the young fowl, and conditioning. This is an ideal set up to prevent the transmission of disease from one age of birds to another, although keep in mind that people and equipment moving between farm can spread diseases, too.

 9. When setting up your yard and broodpens, a gentle slope is better than flat, low-lying ground because it will drain better. Low-lying ground invites breeding mosquitos (Fowl Pox) and allows waste from droppings to build up.

 10. Worm and delouse your fowl on a regular basis. These parasites can rob your fowl of valuable energy and make them susceptible to disease.

 11. Implement a vaccination program for common poultry diseases in your area, and any hard to control diseases particular to your flock. Marek's and Newcastle are two diseases that can be prevented through vaccination. In some areas, Fowl Pox and Coryza are consistent problems, and should be included in a vaccination program. There are many other diseases for which vaccines are availabe. Be sure you carefully follow directions or you can get a severe reaction from the vaccine. Try vaccinating at night to reduce stress.

 12. Perhaps one of the most important aspects of disease control is carefully observing your fowl for any changes in their appetite, changes in the color and consistency of the droppings, respiratory rattles, sneezes, coughs, ruffled feathers, slow movement, and other changes from normal. These are symptoms requiring action! If possible, isolate the affected birds immediately from the rest of the flock. Administering a broad-spectrum antibiotic in the water to the entire flock while you attempt to diagnose the disease is usually a good idea. Most states have a land-grant agricultural university with an animal diagnostic laboratory that will diagnose the disease, usually for free, although you may have to work through a local veterinarian to submit the birds. Contact a local vet or an agricultural extension agent for information. Diagnostic labs will need several (2-3) affected birds (preferably alive, or very fresh dead), plus background information about the flock (number of birds affected, age of birds, what the symptoms are and when they were noticed, vaccination program used, medications used, etc.) . The diagnostic lab will furnish the disease diagnosis, and give specific treatment and prevention recommendations, usually within a week to 10 days. Don't hesitate to call them and ask a bunch of questions. Your tax dollars pay their salary!

 13. Keep your fowl healthy so that their immune system is strong and can overcome disease challenge. Provide a balanced diet, clean water, and control stress conditions (see "Nutrition, Stress and the Gamecock"). Consider using natural immune system boosters to prevent disease rather than the routine use of antibiotics which builds resistance in the disease organisms and can permanently harm the immune system and internal organs (liver and kidneys). Natural products which have been proven to increase immunity include "probiotics" or direct fed microbials , which are beneficial intestinal bacteria, certain vitamins and minerals such as vitamin E and selenium, herbs such as Echinacea (purple coneflower) and Goldenseal, avian antibodies, which provide passive immunity to disease challenge, and others. My web site carries natural products proven to increase health and prevent disease in gamefowl… www.poultrynutri.com

 The study of the immune system is complex and is constantly evolving as new research is conducted. We can get the most out of our fowl by breeding only the healthiest ones, preventing exposure, vaccinating when necessary, rapidly and accurately diagnosing and treating disease when it occurs, and strengthening and maintaining the fowl's natural immune system.

 

[Spurblade]

    This web site contains so much valuable, high quality information, that I hardly know where to fit in. Ncyabut in particular merits our praise and thanks for finding and sharing so much terrific info,and giving us the benifit of his considerable experience, I am sure that Herbs could be included under ergogenics, but I think a clean sheet is the easyest why to start. So I'm just going to dive straight in..

              PLEASE ASK AS MANY QUESTIONS AS YOU WISH, I WILL ANSWER AS BEST I CAN, IT HELPS THE FLOW OF USEFULL INFORMATION

Thank you north, these are good information...

[North Briton]

ECHINACEA (purple cone flower)

In John Purdy’s excellent paper on ‘Immunity and the Gamecock’ above he tells us of the herb Echinacea (note 13) ‘which provides passive immunity to
disease challenge’.
E. is a herb that I am very familiar with. I grow process and use this plant a great deal in my work and in my life.

Echinacea is considered to be the most effective detoxicant in Western herbal medicine for the circulatory, lymphatic and respiratory systems.       Its use has also been adopted by Ayurvedic medicine.

 Plants in this genus were probably the most frequently used of N. American Indian herbal remedies. They had a very wide range of applications and many of these uses have been confirmed by modern science.

 The plant has a general stimulatory effect on the immune system and is widely used in modern herbal treatments. It stimulates ‘killer’ cells that resist foreign bacteria. T-cell activator.

 Action against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections.

In Germany over 200 pharmaceutical preparations are made from E.

Recent research has demonstrated significant absorption from orally administered applications. The roots and the whole plant are considered particularly beneficial in the treatment of sores, wounds, burns etc, and possessing cortisone-like and antibacterial activity.

 The plant was used by N. American Indians as a universal application to treat the bites and stings of all types of insects. An infusion of the plant was also used to treat snakebites.

The plant is adaptogen, alterative, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, depurative, diaphoretic, digestive, sialagogue. It is harvested in the autumn and dried for later use.
Tinctures are made from the fresh whole plant for medicinal use.
 
In the UK there is a product called  ‘Life Guard’ made especially  for poultry
which is based on E.

As with most herbs it can be mashed in the blender strained and used, or brewed as a tea to use.

I use this herb as a tincture, in the bird’s drinking water, in times of stress, as insurance. It strengthens disease resistance..
 
I also use it in the keep, more on this later.

                                                                                North Briton

[North Briton]

ALTERNATIVES TO ANTIBIOTICS

There has long been interest in finding alternatives to antibiotics for poultry production. Resident microbes in the birds’ digestive tract have a profound effect on some of the physiological processes of their host. With this in mind, it is important to understand the dynamics of the intestinal microbial ecology of the chicken to find alternatives to antibiotics. Under normal circumstances there is a delicate balance of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This is influenced by symbiotic and competitive interactions and relationships. The microbial communities will not only protect the GIT but also enhance productivity in the host.

The use of probiotics and prebiotics are two approaches that have been examined and can potentially reduce enteric diseases in poultry and also enhance their productivity. These substances have been proposed to assist in the prevention of carcass contamination and improve the immune response in the chicken (Huang et al., 2004). Probiotic and prebiotic foods are by no means a novel approach; in fact, they have been consumed for centuries either as natural components of foods or as fermented foods, e.g. yogurt.

Probiotics have been defined as 'a live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal balance' (Fuller, 1989). The probiotic mode of action is by 'competitive exclusion', meaning there is competition for attachment sites in the GIT. The bacteria of the probiotic attach to the intestinal mucosa, thereby forming a physical barrier that blocks the attachment of pathogenic bacteria (Furlan, 2005). They also produce antibacterial compounds and enzymes and stimulate the immune system.

Prebiotics are defined as non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon (Gibson and Roberfroid, 1995). The most common prebiotics are oligosaccharides, which are non-digestible carbohydrates. The way in which prebiotics act is by (1) supplying nutrients to beneficial microbes, or (2) tricking pathogenic bacteria into attaching to the oligosaccharide rather than to the intestinal mucosa. This reduces the intestinal colonization thereby decreasing the incidence of infection in the birds. Because the oligosaccharide is non-digestible, the microbes that are attached will travel along the GIT with the ingesta, and are excreted from the bird along with other undigested food.

Enteric diseases are of major economic concern in the poultry industry. They result in lost productivity, increased mortality in flocks and also potential contamination of poultry products, which leads to human food safety concerns. The use of antimicrobials in poultry feed has been curtailed due to concerns of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Alternatives to the use of antibiotics in poultry feed should be aggressively evaluated under field conditions. Probiotics and prebiotics are good alternative candidates.

The simplest form of probiotics is live organic yogurt or butter milk, just mix it in the feed.

                                                                                    North Briton

[North Briton]

Sarsaparilla

Another very usefull herb for us to use


Genus: Smilax
Species: officinalis
Part Used: Root
Main Actions
•  detoxifies organs •  relieves pain •  cleanses blood •  kills fungi
 •  aids absorption•  reduces inflammation times daily •  kills bacteria
 •  kills germs •  stimulates digestion •  reduces fever •  increases urination
 •  immunomodulator   •  protects liver •  fights free radicals
 •  promotes perspiration •  relieves rheumatism
Decoction: 1/2 to 1 cup 2-3 times daily
Capsules: 1-2 g twice daily
Tincture: 2-3 ml twice daily…………………these doses for 140lb adult human 

For chickens              
Two drops of tincture per 5lb x 3 daily……..or 7 drops per day per chicken.........or .5ml per day per bird

Smilax is another herb with a reputation as a remarkable tonic and male rejuvenator

As a tonic, it has been used primarily to increase vitality and virility, regulate hormones, and increase energy.

Warms male organs, Strengthens muscles, Nourishes blood, kidney, Stomach, Liver

Stimulates metabolism, Enhances glandular balance, Boosts hormone, production, Cleanses blood, Aids muscle building.

 Smilax is used for glandular balance, and is recognized for its properties believed to increase metabolic rate.

 Naturally stimulates production of hormones.

 Known to encourage muscle mass when used adjunct to specific exercise. High in vitamins and minerals.

It helps promote good circulation, clear toxins, balance the glandular system, and stimulate metabolism and male sexual potency. The natural steroidal glycosides found in smilax make it a favorite for body builders and anyone who would like to be stronger and energized.

libido enhancement, hormone balancing, and sports nutrition formulas.

Sarsaparilla also has demonstrated liver protective effects, with researchers concluding that it is able to prevent immune-mediated liver injury. Improvement of appetite and digestion has been noted with sarsaparilla, as well as its diuretic actions in humans. The root has been reported to have stimulatory activity on the kidneys in humans and, in chronic nephritis, it was shown to increase the urinary excretion of uric acid.

In naturopathic and herbal medicine, it is used mostly in combination with other herbs for its tonic, detoxifying, blood purifying, and lymph-cleansing properties.
In the 1950s the antibiotic properties of sarsaparilla were documented; other studies documented its antifungal and antimycobacterial activities.

Flavonoids in sarsaparilla have been documented to have immune modulation and liver protective activities. A U.S. patent was awarded in 2003 describing these flavonoids to be effective in treating autoimmune diseases and inflammatory reactions through their immunomodulating effects.

Saponins and plant steroids found in many species of plants (including sarsaparilla) can be synthesized into human steroids such as testosterone.

Clinical research has validated the traditional use of sarsaparilla

Excellent for use as a general tonic more specifically in the Pre-keep
And Keep

North Briton

[renac001]

Thanks North for your good info. I am going to try it for my chickens.

[Rod_Colegado]

Knowing the cost of variables in raising chickens, the above post of North Briton is worth considering. We can't just fight sickly chickens or have been sick chickens as we always expects formidable opponents in the pit..
Thanks North of all your effort to educate our comrades in sport.

fis,

Rod_Colegado

[Yellow Hatch]

What an excellent post you got there North Briton.
My salute to you Sir ..........!

That will surely help us in our yard.


Rod_Colegado,

Hey there Sir!
How are you doin? How's you farm and you breeds?
I'm sure they are always in tip top shape ready for you when you get home.


Lowell

[North Briton]

....You are most welcome........

[Yellow Hatch]

NB,

Hello there Mate!
How are you doin?
I'm not quite good in my biology class and names you mention are not quite familiar.
Let me start studying them all and let me ask few question a bit later .... ;-)
We really appreciate you time here with us .......!

You have a lovely day mate ...... Cheers!

YH

[sugarcreek]

You mention liquid seaweed for trace minerals and I would like to know what is a good supplier for this.  I use to raise deer for hunting ranches and we would free choice seaweed as it increase the size of antler development.  I have lost the supplier that had an add in one of the mags in the early 90's and have been trying to find it .... I think it was in the feather warrior.  He had provided me some liquid kelp that was like mud when added to the water.  My birds loved it.  He also told me to take a shot in the morning every day.

I also used garlic oil in a my pellet feed and never had to delouse and the feed definetely smelled.  My friends thought I was fending off vampires from attacking my chickens.

When using seaweed do we have to limit it or can it also be free choiced like I had done with the deer?

[North Briton]

Hi, S. In the UK we get liquid seaweed at the garden center [store] .  I just put a bit in their water once a week. it does contain a growth factor, I think that too much too often might put a strain on the kidneys, as a trace supp. its great.......Garlic is just brilliant stuff,,,good luck.......N.B..

[Gab]

STINGING NETTLE what is the filipino term for this herb?

and is it also available here in the philippines?

can you upload some pics of it?

thanks...

[Gab]

i want to share one of my experience..

      one morning i observed that one of my hens doesnt look good.. and do not even try to eat her feeds. so i guess that she might have some intestinal parasites..... so i decided to take off her feeds and i took one handfull of bitter gourd leaves same weight as a normal feeds (35-40 grams) and put it on her mouth.. then i observe.. after some minutes of observing.. i look into her first drop and i saw some roundworms on it.. so i said to my self that i am right that she has some worms. then thats it for that morning.. and in the afternoon.. i did not feed the hen.. instead i gave her again one handfull of bitter gourd leaves just to make it sure. and there i saw it again.. so there is still some worms inside.. then next day. in the morning again i gave her one handfull of bittergourd leaves and observe.. no more worms was excreted from her.. but i want to make it sure.. so i gave her 1 wormal tablet and observe again but again no worms found.. so i arrive into a conclusion that bitter gourd's leaves is a good dewormer. and no fasting required because the dewormer is already their food of that day.. and more vitamins and minerals than their normal feed....
 and no overdosage...

-Gab

[North Briton]

.
This is the Stinging Nettle. It's latin name is Urtica dioica, and it may only grow in the temperate regions. But I am not certain of this.  You seem to have made a good start in Herbal Medicine perhaps you will study further and find out what other local herbs there are that you can use, good luck.

[jaypee]

Excellent contibution Bro NB. Love to see more of you here. We could really benefit from your knowledge and experience.

More power to you.

Joe

[Gab]

thanks for the pic sir.. and can you please post more herbs that is best for our cock.... and please post something that is available here in the philippines.... and ill try to post some of my ideas too...

[Gab]

eto po sana makatulong sa inyo mga cockmates..

Overview of Oil of Oregano

Oil of oregano is derived from the common oregano plant whose scientific name is Origanum vulgaris. This is the same oregano that is found in most spice racks and it is used extensively in Italian cooking. As a matter of fact, my kids used to call it the pizza plant due to the fact that it smelled somewhat like pizza. This herb is easy to grow in the home garden and it can become invasive.

Oil of oregano has been used medicinally for centuries. It was a necessity for those westward bound on the Oregon Trail. Oil of oregano was a staple in every pioneer’s household. It is now making a comeback into mainstream homeopathic and naturopathic avenues.

The anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties that oil of oregano contains are currently being studied by modern medicine. It has long been associated as a cure for stomach aches and coughs. However, today it is believed to help cure or alleviate many ailments including athlete’s foot, sore throats, digestive problems, migraine headaches and skin conditions.
Thymol

Thymol, a chemical found in oil of oregano is used commercially as an animal repellent, medical disinfectants, fungicides, and virucides. It is combined with other ingredients for use as a pesticide and miticide. For humans, thymol is a powerful antifungal, antimicrobial, and antiviral agent.
Carvacrol

This is another main component of oil of oregano. Like thymol, carvacrol is a powerful biocide. Tests have shown it to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica.
Uses and Availability of Oil of Oregano

Oil of oregano is available at most health food and natural food stores. Any place that sells herbal remedies will have oil of oregano on hand. The plant is readily available in the US and it can be grown almost anywhere. Oil of oregano should not be extremely expensive. However, only purchase it from a reliable source to be sure you are getting a quality product.

This oil is taken internally, in either capsule or liquid form. The liquid is said to have a somewhat bitter taste. Many say that at the onset of a cold, sore throat, headache or other ailment a dose of oil of oregano will prevent further discomfort.

For foot or nail fungi and athlete’s foot, oil of oregano can be applied directly to the effected area. It is best to follow the dosage directions on the package.

Oil of oregano has very low toxicity. It is almost impossible to overdose and it breaks down quickly in the body.

[mechael]

NB and GAB your the man....

[North Briton]

Good post on Oregano. I alternate between Garlic and Oregano, one month about. It keeps the birds clear of all parasites internal and external, and keeps  diseases at bay.

[S_Crook]

Very informative and interesting...thanks to the unselfish contributors..

[Gab]

Good post on Oregano. I alternate between Garlic and Oregano, one month about. It keeps the birds clear of all parasites internal and external, and keeps  diseases at bay.

yes!  and thats what im doing now.. and it is very easy to plant oregano just plant it anywhere and it will grow fast.. and it also repell mosquito and other insect because of its scent. lets post more herbs here and make this thread alive...

[red_ace]

hot chili(siling labuyo)best treatment for chicken resperatory disease.

[Gab]

siling labuyo and paminta ginagamit ko dati sa kalapati na may bulutong...

[Gab]

up ko lang po baka may gustong magdagdag....